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Picture

Rocket Power: Ethiopian Convairs

11/12/2016

2 Comments

 
Picture
Despite the turmoil of Ethiopia's history in the past 40 years the government carrier, Ethiopian Airlines, has avoided being heavily impacted. Unlike other African airlines, which are too often corrupt, nepotistic, poorly run shambles, Ethiopian has been able to remain professional and market oriented. This has enabled it to be a beacon of profitability within Africa growing to be the continent's most successful airline with an ultra-modern fleet of over 80 aircraft. Needless to say however during the 1940s and 50s its aims were less grandiose.
Picture
Ethiopian Air Lines Convair CV-240 ET-T-22 Aeroclassics 1:400 Scale Model Airliner
Picture
Ethiopia has always been one of the most powerful and modern states within Africa, with the Solomnic dynasty's Ethiopian Empire lasting largely uninterruped from 1137 until 1974. The militaristic Marxiest Derg regime that superseded it killed tens of thousands and destroyed the economy leading to widespread famine in the 1980s, but since the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic in 1991 a rebirth has begun. In 2016 Ethiopia is the most populous land-locked country in the world and the 2nd most populous in Africa. The economy has grown to be the largest by GDP in East and Central Africa. Ethiopian Airlines has been well run throughout the period from its founding on December 21, 1945 and even posted a profit in the revolutionary year of 1991.
The airline was originally named Ethiopian Air Lines (EAL) and though fully owned by the Ethiopian government, under Emperor Haile Selassie I, it was managed by TWA. The rest of the 1940s saw growth of a regional route network using C-47s with co-operation with BOAC enabling long haul routes to Bombay. 1950 was an important year for the young airline for although the Bombay route ended in July the airline secured a US$1 million loan from the Ex-Im Bank that enabled it to purchase a pair of new Convair 240s. These were to be used to operate the international flights. Note the marketing of services as 'The Wonderland Route'.
Timetable images from the wonerful timetableimages.com
Picture
The aircraft arrived in December 1950. They were registered ET-T-20 'Eagle of Ethiopia' and ET-T-21 'Haile Selassie'. From January 1951 they operated routes connecting the capital, Addis Ababa, to Cairo, Nairobi, Jeddah, Dhahran and Karachi. By May 1952 the fleet included the two CV-240s and 9 DC-3/C-47s. Services to India and Sharjah ended in 1953 but a new management agreement was signed with TWA albeit one that saw an eventual transition to a company run entirely by Ethiopians. This eventually occurred from 1971.
Picture
Above: ET-T-20 from the collection of Ed Coates
A new service to Athens via Khartoum and Wadi Haifa began in April 1954. Expansion continued in 1956 with a third CV-240 acquired. This aircraft, ET-T-22 'The Spiritual Power', was purchased from SABENA (ex OO-AWV) and had previously been used by the oil company TEXACO. The Convairs were unusually equipped with JATO (jet assisted take-off) rocket packs. These were more usual on military aircraft of the era due to the limited thrust of available engines but were highly unusual on civilian airliners. The JATO system took the effect of underwing cannisters that fired for 12 seconds on take-off. The impact in a Convair must have been quite spectacular, however at full weight without them neither the runways at Addis Ababa or Asmara were long enough for the CV-240s given their 'hot and high' locations.
Operations with the JATO equipment were stopped when a mis-aligned cannister blew a hole in the wing of ET-T-21. By 1954 it was anyway clear that the Convairs were too small and in 1956 an order was placed for a pair of Douglas DC-6Bs (with an option for a third taken up later). These didn't enter service until 1958 (becoming ET-T-25, ET-T-27 and ET-T-56). The Convairs continued on regional routes with the ex-SABENA machine sold in 1960 followed by the original pair in 1964. By then the ET-T regos had been changed to ET (in 1962) with the Convairs becoming ET-AAV and AAW. The trusty DC-3 would continue to serve Ethiopian for many years well into the 1970s.
Picture
A rocket powered take-off for ET-T-21
It is no doubt a further sign of Ethiopian's high quality operations that both of the original CV-240s after 14 years of service in relatively primitive and arid conditions could be sold back to the United States. Both joined the local service airline Central Airlines (AAW to N74856 and AAV to N74857). In April 1966 they were upgraded with turboprops to become CV-600s and in October 1967 became part of Frontier's fleet when Central was merged into that carrier. They were both purchased by California Airmotive in 1973 (N74856 served a lease to Mandala Sulewah Airlines of Indonesia as PK-RCR in 1970). Both were reregistered in 1975 (as N128AJ and N129AJ) and joined Midwest Air Charter in 1977. Only in death did the frames part as each was sold to separate operators for parts. N128AJ went to Bar Harbor in 1981 and N129AJ went to Wright Air Lines in 1983.
Picture
The Convair-liners, like the DC-3, regularly served for 30-50 years so these Ethiopian examples longevity was far from unusual. At least however the repeated JATO take-offs didn't weaken the robust structure of the airframes. For Ethiopian they provided a useful stepping stone between start-up ops and true long-haul services and helped set the firm basis for the carrier's continuing success.
References

Ethiopian Airlines. Wikipedia
Ethiopian Airlines. Angelfire.com
Ethiopian Airlines Fleet. RZJets.net

2 Comments
Mystère
13/12/2016 11:29:49 pm

Very nice and informative review, as usual, of an airline and its aircraft.
Unfortunately Aeroclassics once again provided us with a wrong model. First this is not a 240 : every Aeroclassics release of a 240 or 340 has been done on the 440 mould, which means dimensions are wrong for a 240 (not much for fuselage length, but more than 1cm less for wingspan on a small 1/400 model can be quite noticeable), and most of all the 440 lacks the "augmentor" exhausts which were a typical feature of the 240s and 340s. This is the main reason why I stay away from these releases.
Furthermore they probably got this specific model wrong too, as most Ethiopian airliners from this era had their vertical surfaces in bare aluminium with only the Ethiopian Airlines logo painted on. It's obvious on every picture of ET-T-20 and ET-T-21 I found. I wasn't able to confirm this with an ET-T-22 picture, though.
Disappointing, as it would otherwise have been a very nice little model for my collection.

Reply
RStretton
14/12/2016 12:06:11 am

Thanks. I agree, though the relatively small differences between CV-240 and 440 probably didn't warrant a new mould given the costs and audience. I can understand that. The tail colour on this model I agree is probably incorrect and that is less forgiveable. AC have been making quite a lot of these research mistakes recently.

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      • Who Is The Best?
      • Best Moulds in 400 Scale
    • The History of 1:400 Scale >
      • 1:400 History Pt1: 1996-2000
      • 1:400 History Pt2: 2001-2008
    • 1:400 Brands >
      • Aeroclassics >
        • Generation One History
        • Gen 1 Photo Galleries >
          • BAC One-Eleven
          • Douglas DC-6
          • Douglas DC-9
          • Fairchild FH-227
          • Lockheed L-1049 Super Connie
          • Lockheed L-188 Electra
          • Vickers VC10
          • Vickers Vanguard
          • Vickers Viscount
      • AURORA Models
      • Aviation400 (2007-2012)
      • Big Bird 400 Your Craftsman
      • Black Box Models
      • Blue Box & Magic Models
      • Dragon Wings
      • El Aviador 400
      • Gemini Jets
      • JAL Collection / Jet Hut >
        • The JAL Collection
        • JAL Collection Reviews
        • Jet Hut Boeing 787-9
      • Jet-X >
        • Jet-X: Part 1 2000-2006
        • Jet-X: Part 2 2006-2012
      • MP4 & Airshop Diecast
      • NG Models
      • Seattle Models Co (SMA)
      • Skyjets400
      • Sovereign Models
      • TucanoLine
    • 1:400 Custom Models >
      • DT Custom Models >
        • Tupolev Tu-134s
    • Zinc Rot
  • 1:400 Moulds
    • The Best Moulds >
      • The Best Airbus Moulds Pt1
      • The Best Airbus Moulds Pt2
      • The Best Boeing Moulds Pt1
      • The Best Boeing Moulds Pt2
    • Airbus >
      • Airbus A300
      • Airbus A310
      • Airbus A320 >
        • JC Wings A320 Upgrades
      • Airbus A330-200/300
      • Airbus A330-200F
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL >
        • A320 Inserts for Beluga XL
      • Airbus A350-900/1000
    • Boeing >
      • Boeing B-377 Stratocruiser
      • Boeing 707-120/138/720
      • Boeing 707-320/420
      • Boeing 717
      • Boeing 727-100
      • Boeing 727-200
      • Boeing 737-100/200
      • Boeing 737-300 >
        • Herpa 737s
      • Boeing 737-400
      • Boeing 737-500
      • Boeing 737-600
      • Boeing 737-700/800/900 >
        • P-8 Poseidon Mould Review
      • Boeing 737 MAX
      • Boeing 747-100/200 >
        • Awful Phoenix 747s
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-8 Interactive
      • Boeing 747LCF Dreamlifter
      • Boeing 757-200 >
        • NG Models 757 Production
      • Boeing 767-200
      • Boeing 767-300
      • Boeing 777-200
      • Boeing 777-300
      • Boeing 787
    • British >
      • Concorde
      • BAC One-Eleven 200-400
      • BAC One-Eleven 500
      • BAE-146 / Avro RJ-85-100
      • De Havilland DH-106 Comet
      • Hawker Siddeley Trident
      • Shorts 360
      • Vickers VC10
      • Vickers Viscount
    • Douglas >
      • Douglas DC-3 / C-47
      • Douglas DC-6
      • Douglas DC-7
      • Douglas DC-7C
      • Douglas DC-8-10-50
      • Douglas DC-8-60s/70s
      • Douglas DC-9-10
      • Douglas DC-9-30
      • Douglas DC-9-41/51
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-11
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-80
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-90
    • Lockheed >
      • Lockheed Constellation
      • Lockheed Super Connie
      • Lockheed L-1649 Starliner
      • Lockheed L-188 Electra
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1 / Tristar 200
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 500
    • Other >
      • Convair CV-240-580
      • Convair CV-880/990
      • Curtiss C-46
      • Fairchild F-27 / Fokker F27
      • Fairchild-Hiller FH-227
      • Fokker F28/F70/F100
      • SE 210 Caravelle
    • Chinese >
      • Comac ARJ21
      • Xi'an Y-20
    • Soviet >
      • Antonov An-225
      • Ilyushin IL-62
      • Ilyushin Il-86/Il-96
      • Tupolev TU-104
      • Tupolev TU-154B-2/M
      • Tupolev TU-204
      • Yakovlev Yak-42
  • 1:400 News
    • Model Blog
    • New Mould Samples >
      • Aviation400 >
        • Airbus A320
        • Airbus A330-900NEO
        • Airbus A380 Resin Sample
        • Airbus A380 Metal Sample
        • Airbus A380 Final Sample
        • Boeing 787 Update Mar 21
        • Boeing 787 Update July 21
      • JC Wings >
        • Airbus A310
        • Boeing 747-400
      • NG Models >
        • Airbus A318
        • Airbus A319/320 CEO
        • Airbus A319/320 NEO
        • Airbus A321CEO & NEO
        • Airbus A330-200/300
        • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
        • Airbus A350-900
        • Airbus A350-1000
        • AVIC AG600M - 1:200
        • Boeing 737-600/700/900
        • Boeing 737-600 Refresh
        • Boeing 737-800
        • Boeing 737 MAX-8/MAX-9
        • Boeing B747SP
        • Boeing 747-8I
        • Boeing 747-8F
        • Boeing 777-200
        • Boeing 777-300/300ER
        • Boeing 787-8
        • Comac ARJ21 - 1:200
        • Falcon 7X - 1:200
        • Gulfstream G550 - 1:200
        • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
        • Lockeed Tristar 500
        • Tupolev Tu-154
        • Tupolev Tu-204/Tu-214/Tu-234
    • Retailer Exclusive Releases >
      • Panda Models Exclusives >
        • Panda Exclusives 2015-2021
        • Panda Exclusives 2022
      • JAL DC-8 Twinset
    • FantasyWings GSE >
      • Apron Equipment
      • COBUS 3000 Buses
      • GSE Pax & Cargo Sets
      • Hong Kong Outer Bay Set
      • Hong Kong ATC Tower Set
      • 1:200 GSE Cargo/GPU Sets
      • 1:200 COBUS 3000 Buses
  • 1:400 Reviews
    • Detailed Mould Scoring >
      • Airbus A320ceo & neo
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
      • Airbus A330-900neo
      • Airbus A350-900
      • Boeing 737-800
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-400
      • Boeing 777-300ER
      • Boeing 787-9
    • 1:400 Model Reviews
    • Model Airliner.com Reviews
  • 1:600 SCALE
    • Schabak >
      • Schabak History 1982-2006
      • Schabak Non-airline Models
      • Schabak Airline Numbers
      • Schabak Wheel Variants
      • Schabak Window Variants
      • Schabak Decal Cracking
    • Schabak Moulds >
      • Airbus A300
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
    • Silver Wings
    • Herpa Magic 600 Scale >
      • Herpa Magic History
      • Herpa Magic Mould Photos
    • Imogenia Airport
  • Dioramas
    • Wright Field Airport
    • Xin Long International
    • As Real As It Gets 1:200
    • As Real As It Gets 1:400 >
      • Real As It Gets - Africa
      • Real As It Gets - Asia
      • Real As It Gets - China
      • Real As It Gets - Europe
      • Real As It Gets - Middle East
      • Real As It Gets - N America
      • Real As It Gets - Oceania
      • Real As It Gets - Russia
      • Real As It Gets - S America