Trans World Airlines Liveries
The intention of this page is to describe and show all the Trans World Airlines liveries from 1946 to the American Airlines takeover in 2001. Schemes prior to World War Two are not covered.
1940s-1950: TRANSCONTINENTAL (TRANS WORLD AIRLINE) / TWA POINTS THE WAY
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By the end of World War Two TWA was still known as Transcontinental & Western Airlines but the livery was basically the same scheme that would take them through to the jet-age. The primary differences were that the titles said TRANS WORLD AIRLINE not TRANS WORLD AIRLINES and the TWA logo on the nose had an arrow through it.
Immediately postwar the arrow seems to have been paired with the slogan 'TWA POINTS THE WAY' but this was dropped in the 1948 timetables and seemingly also began to disappear from the fleet too.
The model below shows the basic scheme but without the arrow logo:
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An L-049 with the arrow logo. Bill Larkins [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)]
1950-1952: NATURAL METAL JETSTREAM
On May 17, 1950, the airline officially changed its name to Trans World Airlines. The titles across the fleet were updated and this scheme was worn by the new Martin 2-0-2s plus the short Connies and remaining C-54s.
1952-1959: WHITE TOP JETSTREAM
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The delivery of the first Martin 4-0-4s and Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations heralded the arrival of the white crown, increasingly popular with US airlines in the early 50s. Otherwise the scheme stayed roughly the same on the later Super Gs and the Starliners (i.e. Jetstreams as TWA called them).
1959-1962: ARROWHEAD / JET DELIVERY
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All airlines wanted a new modern scheme to show off their new jet purchases and TWA was no different. They commissioned the famous industrialist designer Raymond Loewy to create their jet livery and he created the arrowhead cheatline and minimal TWA tail logo that would serve the airline through to the mid-70s (albeit in modified form). Other details of the scheme were the natural metal belly and the aircraft name after the cheatline at the rear. The 707s were known as StarStreams.
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The design is fresh but simple and was applied to the new Boeing 707-100s/300s, Boeing 720s and Convair 880s. I don't believe it was ever worn by any prop-liners.
1962-1975: TWIN GLOBES
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The jet delivery scheme gained a minor update in April 1962 with the creation of the twin-globes design around the base TWA tail titles. The rest of the scheme was kept broadly the same.
Interestingly as well as being the livery that would be introduced on the new DC-9s, 727-100/200s, 747s and L-1011s it was also applied to some of the Lockheed L-749 Constellations (which by this time had also been equipped with radar). No L-1049s, L-1649s or Martins would wear this scheme. |
The L-1011s would wear two slightly different versions of the scheme. From N31009 onwards (10th A/C del.) a 2nd Red "1011" was added to the #3 engine nacelle (there was already a hard to read version on the metal belly forwards). This necessitated the movement of the aircraft registration.
1975-1979: TWIN STRIPE (HOLLOW TITLES)
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February 1975 brought TWA's first major livery change for over 15 years. The new scheme introduced a red rhombus on the tail with white TWA lettering inside it in the usual font. The arrowhead was replaced with twin red stripes that tapered towards the nose. The TRANS WORLD titles were white but outlined in red. All aircraft kept the anti-glare shield at the cockpit.
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1979-1995: TWIN STRIPE (SOLID TITLES)
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By 1978 it was clear that the main titles of the 75 scheme were hard to read at distance. A new 727-231 Advanced (N54341) was delivered with hollow titles on the right side and block titles on the left. The experiment was a success and so the whole fleet was updated with block red lettering.
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This was the scheme that first 747SPs, 767-200/300s and MD-80s would be delivered in and also the scheme that Ozark's DC-9 and MD-80 fleet would transition into following the takeover of TWA's St Louis stablemate.
Around 1989 TWA began to drop the black anti-glare mask ahead of the cockpit. Also increasingly black stripes were painted onto the wings. The latter were a safety measure designed to allow easier visibility of ice build up. I'm not sure why TWA took them up when most other airlines didn't.
1980: PROJECT SKINNY
In 1980 TWA became one of several airlines that investigated a bare metal scheme, presumably looking at the cost savings it could achieve from the weight reduction. With the white only left between the red twin stripes and around the red tail titles it actually looked quite a bit like an American Airlines hybrid. The scheme was applied to only one 727 (N64339) but ultimately was not selected for implementation.
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Jon Proctor [GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html) or GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html)]
1986: OZARK HYBRIDS
Following the acquisition of Ozark Airlines in 1986 some of their DC-9s were temporarily repainted into a kind of hybrid scheme. The lower stripe structure of the Ozark scheme was switched from green to red and the Ozark tail rhombus easily switched for the TWA one. The upper green stripe was removed and full TWA titles added. The result was a scheme that actually was quite close to the twin stripe but with an obviously different lower stripe arrangement. I'm not sure how many Nines wore this but at least N981Z and N985Z did. In fact the latter was still wearing it in 1989.
Photo by Reinhard Zinabold
1994-2001: WINGS OF PRIDE
EI-BWD was a special MD-80 in that it was the employees who gathered together to raise the aircraft's leasing fee as a symbol of defiance and solidarity. To honour this the aircraft wore an inverted version of the standard twin stripe. By March 1999 the aircraft had been repainted into almost standard TWA new colours but with a new logo on the forward fuselage.
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Photo by Ben Wang from Airliners.net
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1995-2001: GLOBE
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Following its bankruptcy filing in 1995 TWA emerged with a new visual identity with an attractive red, gold and black scheme. By this time TWA was mainly a domestic airline so the globe is a little incongruous but for a short while the livery helped to see an upturn in the airlines' fortunes. The scheme was worn by the new 757s and MD-80s plus the older DC-9s, 727s, 747s and a single Tristar. Some of the new 717s also arrived in this livery.
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1996-2000: ST LOUIS RAMS 727
As supporters of the St Louis Rams NFL team TWA painted one 727, N64347, in special colours with a giant football helmet on it.
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Aero Icarus from Zürich, Switzerland [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)]
2001: TWA LLC
The rather abrupt absorption of TWA by American did see time for some aircraft to be repainted into a hybrid scheme, or get delivered new (717s and MD-80s) directly into it. American had created a new company TWA Airlines LLC for the transition period. The livery was basically the AA colours with TWA titles.
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Sunil Gupta [GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html) or GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html)]
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