YESTERDAY'S AIRLINES
  • Home
    • About
    • Links
  • My Models
    • The Hangar
    • USA - Trunk Airlines >
      • Pan Am
      • American Airlines
      • Braniff International
      • Continental Airlines
      • Delta Air Lines
      • Eastern Air Lines
      • National Airlines
      • Northeast Airlines
      • Northwest Airlines
      • Trans World Airlines (TWA)
      • United Airlines
      • Western Airlines
    • USA - Local Service >
      • Allegheny / USAir
      • My Frontier Airlines Fleet
      • My Hughes Airwest Fleet
      • Piedmont Airlines
      • My Ozark Airlines Fleet
      • My Republic Airlines Fleet
      • My Texas Int Fleet
    • My Collection >
      • US Other Fleets >
        • My Alaska Airlines Fleet
        • My Hawaiian / Aloha Fleet
        • My PSA Fleet
        • My Flying Tigers Fleet
        • My World Airways Fleet
      • UK Fleets >
        • My British Airways Fleet
      • Canadian Fleets
      • China Fleets >
        • My Cathay Pacific Fleet
      • Russian Fleet >
        • Russian Fleet Video
    • Models for Sale
  • AV History
    • Airline History Blog
    • Airline Development >
      • CANADA >
        • Canadian Mainline
        • Canadian Charters & LCCs
        • Canadian Regionals
      • CHINA >
        • Part 1: China's Airlines Industry Blossoms 1984-2002
        • Part 2: The Big Six in the 1990s
        • The Big Three
        • Hainan Airlines Group
        • Other Chinese Airlines
      • IRAN >
        • Iranian Airlines Pt1.1
        • Iranian Airlines Pt1.2
      • MEXICO >
        • 1988-2005: Competition arrives
        • 2005-2014: Low cost in Mexico
        • Mexican Airline Genealogy
        • Mexicana Livery Tails
      • RUSSIA >
        • Aeroflot Group
        • S7 Airlines & AiRUnion
        • Other Russian Airlines
      • SOUTH AFRICA
      • UNITED KINGDOM >
        • BA Genealogy Pt1
        • BA Genealogy Pt2
        • BA Genealogy Pt3
        • BUIA & BUAF Genealogies
        • UK Charter Airlines Pt1
        • UK Charter Airlines Pt2
        • BEA Liveries 1946-1974
        • BOAC Liveries 1939-1974
      • UNITED STATES >
        • Trunk & Local Service Airlines >
          • American / TWA Genealogy
          • Delta / Northwest Genealogy
          • United / Continental Genealogy
          • Braniff / Eastern / US Airways Genealogy
        • Territorial Airlines
        • Intra-State Airlines
        • Supplemental Airlines
        • Deregulation Startups 1
        • Deregulation Startups 2
        • Trunk Airline Livery Changes 1959-1980
    • Liveries >
      • Aeroméxico Liveries
      • American Airlines Liveries
      • British Airways Liveries
      • Continental Airlines Liveries
      • Delta Air Lines Liveries
      • Eastern Air Lines Liveries
      • Landor Liveries
      • National Airlines Liveries
      • Northeast Airlines Liveries
      • Northwest Airlines Liveries
      • Pan Am Liveries
      • Trans World Airlines Liveries
      • United Airlines Liveries
      • Western Airlines Liveries
    • Special Liveries >
      • ANA - Flying Honu A380s
    • Real Airport Histories >
      • Albany International
      • Dallas Love Field
      • Rochester International Pt1
      • Rochester International Pt2
      • San Francisco - 1927-1959
      • San Francisco - 1959-1978
      • San Francisco - 1978-2015
      • San Jose International
      • San Jose International Pt2
    • Aviation Stickers >
      • ATR Stickers
      • A300 Stickers
      • DC-9 Stickers
      • DC-10 Stickers
  • 1:400 SCALE
    • Collecting 1:400 Scale >
      • Who Is The Best?
      • Who Has The Best Mould?
    • The History of 1:400 Scale >
      • 1:400 History Pt1: 1996-2000
      • 1:400 History Pt2: 2001-2008
    • 1:400 Brands >
      • Aeroclassics >
        • Generation One History
        • Gen 1 Photo Galleries >
          • BAC One-Eleven
          • Douglas DC-6
          • Douglas DC-9
          • Fairchild FH-227
          • Lockheed L-1049 Super Connie
          • Lockheed L-188 Electra
          • Vickers VC10
          • Vickers Vanguard
          • Vickers Viscount
      • AURORA Models
      • Aviation400 (2007-2012)
      • Big Bird 400 Your Craftsman
      • Black Box Models
      • Blue Box & Magic Models
      • Dragon Wings
      • El Aviador 400
      • Gemini Jets
      • Jet-X >
        • Jet-X: Part 1 2000-2006
        • Jet-X: Part 2 2006-2012
      • MP4 & Airshop Diecast
      • Seattle Models Co (SMA)
      • Skyjets400
      • Sovereign Models
      • TucanoLine
    • Zinc Rot
    • The Big 400 Scale Survey >
      • Results Pt1: Brands & Mnftrs
      • Results Pt2: Your Collecting
      • Results Pt2.2: What You Want
  • 1:400 Moulds
    • Airbus >
      • Airbus A300
      • Airbus A310
      • Airbus A320 >
        • JC Wings A320 Upgrades
      • Airbus A330-200/300
      • Airbus A330-200F
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL >
        • A320 Inserts for Beluga XL
      • Airbus A350-900/1000
    • Boeing >
      • Boeing B-377 Stratocruiser
      • Boeing 707-120/138/720
      • Boeing 707-320/420
      • Boeing 727-100
      • Boeing 727-200
      • Boeing 737-100/200
      • Boeing 737-300
      • Boeing 737-400
      • Boeing 737-500
      • Boeing 737-600
      • Boeing 737-700/800/900 >
        • P-8 Poseidon Mould Review
      • Boeing 747-100/200
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-8 Interactive
      • Boeing 747LCF Dreamlifter
      • Boeing 757-200 >
        • NG Models 757 Production
      • Boeing 767-200
      • Boeing 767-300
      • Boeing 777-200
      • Boeing 777-300
    • British >
      • Aerospatiale / BAC Concorde
      • BAC One-Eleven 200-400
      • BAE-146 / Avro RJ-85-100
      • De Havilland DH-106 Comet
      • Hawker Siddeley Trident
      • Shorts 360
      • Vickers VC10
      • Vickers Viscount
    • Douglas >
      • Douglas DC-3 / C-47
      • Douglas DC-6
      • Douglas DC-7
      • Douglas DC-7C
      • Douglas DC-8-10-50
      • Douglas DC-8-60s/70s
      • Douglas DC-9-10
      • Douglas DC-9-30
      • Douglas DC-9-41/51
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-11
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-80
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-90
    • Lockheed >
      • Lockheed Constellation
      • Lockheed Super Connie
      • Lockheed L-1649 Starliner
      • Lockheed L-188 Electra
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1 / Tristar 200
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 500
    • Other >
      • Convair CV-240-580
      • Convair CV-880/990
      • Curtiss C-46
      • Fairchild F-27 / Fokker F27
      • Fairchild-Hiller FH-227
      • Fokker F28/F70/F100
      • SE 210 Caravelle
    • Chinese >
      • Comac ARJ21
      • Xi'an Y-20
    • Soviet >
      • Antonov An-225
      • Ilyushin IL-62
      • Ilyushin IL-86/IL-96
      • Tupolev TU-154B-2/M
      • Yakovlev Yak-42
    • Most Needed Moulds >
      • Mainline Jets
      • Classic Props
      • Regional Aircraft
  • 1:400 News
    • Model Blog
    • New Mould Samples >
      • Aviation400 >
        • Airbus A380 Resin Sample
        • Airbus A380 Metal Sample
        • Airbus A380 Final Sample
        • Boeing 787 Update Mar 21
        • Boeing 787 Update July 21
      • JC Wings >
        • Airbus A310
        • Boeing 747-400
      • NG Models >
        • Airbus A319/320 CEO
        • Airbus A319/320 NEO
        • Airbus A321CEO & NEO
        • Airbus A330-200/300
        • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
        • Airbus A350-900
        • Boeing 737-600/700/900
        • Boeing 737-600 Refresh
        • Boeing 737-800
        • Boeing B747SP
        • Boeing 777-200
        • Boeing 777-300/300ER
        • Comac ARJ21 - 1:200
        • Falcon 7X - 1:200
        • Gulfstream G550 - 1:200
        • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
        • Lockeed Tristar 500
        • Tupolev Tu-154
        • Tupolev Tu-204/Tu-214/Tu-234
    • Retailer Exclusive Releases >
      • Panda Models Exclusives
      • JAL DC-8 Twinset
    • FantasyWings GSE >
      • Apron Equipment
      • COBUS 3000 Buses
      • GSE Pax & Cargo Sets
      • 1:200 GSE Cargo/GPU Sets
      • 1:200 COBUS 3000 Buses
    • JAL Collection / Jet Hut >
      • The JAL Collection
      • JAL Collection Reviews
      • Jet Hut Boeing 787-9
  • 1:400 Reviews
    • Detailed Mould Scoring >
      • Airbus A320ceo & neo
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
      • Airbus A330-900neo
      • Airbus A350-900
      • Boeing 737-800
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-400
      • Boeing 777-300ER
    • 1:400 Model Reviews
    • Model Airliner.com Reviews
  • 1:600 SCALE
    • Schabak >
      • Schabak History 1982-2006
      • Schabak Airline Numbers
      • Schabak Wheel Variants
      • Schabak Window Variants
      • Schabak Decal Cracking
    • Schabak Moulds >
      • Airbus A300
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
    • Schabak Non-airline Models
    • Silver Wings
    • Imogenia Airport
  • Dioramas
    • Wright Field Airport
    • Xin Long International
    • As Real As It Gets 1:200
    • As Real As It Gets 1:400 >
      • Real As It Gets - Africa
      • Real As It Gets - Asia
      • Real As It Gets - China
      • Real As It Gets - Europe
      • Real As It Gets - Middle East
      • Real As It Gets - N America
      • Real As It Gets - Oceania
      • Real As It Gets - Russia
      • Real As It Gets - S America
Picture

Eastern's Electras Pt1: Props Not Pure Jets

11/7/2017

2 Comments

 
Picture
Few aircraft have, thankfully, had such a disastrous introduction into service as the Lockheed L-188 Electra, however over the time the type would prove to be a rugged and versatile plane. Nonetheless in hindsight it is difficult to see Eastern's large order for the type, which amounted to almost 1/4 of all Electras produced, as anything but a mistake. At least Eastern got its money's worth out of the type, which would serve into 1977.
Picture
Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L-188A Electra N5501 Aeroclassics 1:400 Scale Model Airliner
During the 1950s and 60s decisions taken at the major US trunk airlines have to be seen in the light of the personalities that led the carriers. At Eastern this was Edward Vernon Rickenbacker a veritable powerhouse personality that made Eastern in the image of himself, for better or worse. Rickenbacker was always frugal and cautious and, admittedly along with others like Delta's C.E Woolman and American's C.R Smith, saw a gradual transition to jet equipment rather than the headlong rush that eventuated.
Picture
The upshot of this was that Rickenbacker felt comfortable spending a lot of money on prop-liners to bridge the gap. The airline already had a substantial fleet of Constellations and Super Constellations when in 1955 it ordered a massive 40 DC-7s. Not content with this Rickenbacker followed up on September 27, 1955 with a huge order for 40 Lockheed Electra turboprops, with 30 options.
The cost of the deal totalled $100 million with the Electra's going for $2.4 million a piece. Even at the time the decision to buy this many Electra's, coming on top of the DC-7s, was controversial. As all the other airlines kept their powder dry and then binged on jets it became obvious it was foolhardy. The combined price of all the Connie, DC-7 and Electra orders totalled $225 million - nearly double what Rickenbacker had budgeted for jets. Even worse the Electra did itself no favours in service whatsoever.

Left: A 1958 Lockheed ad for the Electra
Below: From a 1959 inflight guide

Picture
Eastern received its first aircraft on October 8, 1958 and the 40 frames took up a sequential registration series from N5501-N5541 (missing N5508). PIlots and Rickenbacker himself loved the Electra. Due to Rickenbacker's personal dictate the Electra's appeared with huge 'Fly Eastern's Prop-Jet Electra' titles on them. The aircraft were outfitted in a no doubt luxurious 68 seat all first class configuration. The last three deliveries were L-188Cs with a higher gross weight.
Picture
This is a beautiful shot of N5522 in 1959 showing the 'Golden Falcon' titles and the integral airstairs
Services began in January 1959 but very quickly it became obvious something serious was wrong with the Electra as 3 aircraft proceeded to crash in less than a year - all inflight. Fortunately none of these crashes were of Eastern aircraft. Already without the crashes the Electra hadn't been pleasing customers since the noise in the forward cabin was high. Lockheed redesigned the engine nacelles and tilted the engines up 3 degrees to try and remedy this issue.
Note the below Aeroclassics model wears the predelivery colours which say 'FLY EASTERN'S ELECTRA PROP-JET' not 'FLY EASTERN'S PROP-JET ELECTRA'
In a sign of the times, that would never be repeated today, the FAA didn't ground the Electras but did put a speed restriction on the type whilst investigations were underway. Eventually it was discovered that vibrations from the outboard engines transmitted along the wing literally tore the wings off the aircraft. Lockheed were forced to implement a costly modification programme (they called it LEAP - Lockheed Electra Achievement Program). Each of the 145 delivered Electras required a 20 day overhaul before they could re-enter service. By this time Lockheed had already decided to end production due to the obvious competition from short-haul jets. With 170 orders (not abysmal for the 1950s) the programme still lost Lockheed $57 million plus another $55 million in lawsuits.
Picture
Picture
Eastern's Electra fleet as delivered
The backlash against the Electra at Eastern was massive and reinforced by the crash of N5533 on October 4, 1960, which was nothing to do with the airframe. On this occasion birdstrike was to blame as flight 375 to New York hit a flock of Starlings on take-off from Boston in the early evening. Three of the four engines were damaged with engine one shutting down. The aircraft stalled and crashed vertically into Winthrop bay. Eight passengers and two flight attendants seated at the rear were thrown clear but the other 62 onboard perished as the aircraft sank. As part of the accident investigation 16 experienced Electra pilots attempted to keep the aircraft in the air, and all failed on their first attempt.
Picture
A combination of the crash and the Electra's speed restrictions and design flaw publicity saw a boycott of the type and load factors slipped from 75-50%. Rickenbacker reinforced his mistake in buying so many Electras by also delaying delivery of his DC-8s enabling Delta to sneak in and take them instead. Delta then put them into service between New York and Houston destroying the load factor on Eastern's competing service, which used Electras. Until then the load on the Electras had been 90% but within a fortnight Eastern had to temporarily abandon its direct service on the route. One of the issues Eastern had, aside from the lack of cash, was that its route network didn't really support the first jets, which were primarily long haul aircraft. What Eastern needed was a 727 but it'd be years before they were developed (partly at the instigation of Eastern).
Picture
N5518 turns away from the gate
The ongoing Electra problems and Boston crash, as well as a wildcat pilot strike and economic recession, were all contributory factors to Eastern posting its first loss, of $3.6 million, in 26 years, in 1960. This unfortunately coincided with the airline at least nominally having a new CEO, Malcom MacIntyre. He would spend much of his time trying to wrestle Eastern from Rickenbacker's control. The pair agreed on almost nothing but MacIntyre had been left a rather poisoned chalice and in the eyes of some, Rickenbacker's close friend Laurance Rockefeller for example, the Electra deal was the beginning of many of Eastern's later travails. Things would get worse for Eastern in 1961 and 1962 and MacIntyre's tenure would be ended in 1963.
Picture
Left: Pre-delivery colours and right: the last '720' colours from 1963
The Electra's would however continue to serve and eventually benefit from one of MacIntyre's initiatives - the Eastern Shuttle. For part 2 of this story see:

- Eastern's Electras Pt2: Shuttle Survivors

References

Cearley Jr, G.W. Eastern Air Lines: An Illustrated History
Russell, D.L. Eastern Air Lines: A History, 1926-1991
Serling, R.J. From the Captain to the Colonel: An Informal History of Eastern Air Lines
2 Comments
John Pangia link
12/7/2017 12:14:45 am

All I have read is true.I worked @ Eastern @ LGA for 6 yrs.

Reply
BWI-ROCman
12/7/2017 02:54:48 am

The propliner era is before my time, but it's fascinating to read about the decisions and history of that period. The Electra is one of any number of cases of an airliner that reminds us how far we have come in safety.

Earlier in the civil aviation era, we were still learning a lot of things by tragic experience. The rectangular windows on the Comet, the vibrating engines on the Electra--all of these things were learning experiences. But the CAB and then the NTSB vigorously investigated and issued directives, manufacturers and airlines kept implementing them, and air travel kept getting safer.

By the 1990's, design-factor crashes had largely been eliminated, as had wind-shear crashes, with the advances in weather-detection technology. We who fly today enjoy incredible safety levels achieved through the experience of earlier times such as the short-lived propliner era.

Jim

Reply



Leave a Reply.

    Author

    I'm Richard Stretton: a fan of classic airliners and airlines who enjoys exploring their history through my collection of die-cast airliners. If you enjoy the site please donate whatever you can to help keep it running:


    RSS Feed



    Archives

    June 2022
    May 2022
    April 2022
    March 2022
    December 2021
    July 2021
    June 2021
    May 2021
    February 2021
    December 2020
    November 2020
    October 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    June 2020
    May 2020
    April 2020
    March 2020
    February 2020
    January 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    June 2019
    May 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019
    January 2019
    December 2018
    November 2018
    October 2018
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2018
    June 2018
    May 2018
    April 2018
    March 2018
    February 2018
    January 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017
    October 2017
    September 2017
    August 2017
    July 2017
    June 2017
    May 2017
    April 2017
    March 2017
    February 2017
    January 2017
    December 2016
    November 2016
    October 2016
    September 2016
    August 2016
    July 2016
    June 2016
    May 2016
    April 2016
    March 2016
    February 2016
    January 2016
    December 2015
    November 2015
    October 2015
    September 2015
    August 2015
    July 2015
    June 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    December 2014
    November 2014

    Categories

    All
    2015 Review
    2016 Review
    2017 Review
    Aer Lingus
    Aeroclassics
    Aero Continente
    African Airlines
    Air 2000
    Air Aruba
    Airbus A300
    Airbus A310
    Airbus A319
    Airbus A320
    Airbus A321
    Airbus A330
    Airbus A340
    Airbus A350
    Airbus A380
    Air BVI
    Air China
    Air Florida
    Air Gabon
    Air Holland
    Air India
    Airlines Of Africa
    Airlines Of Asia
    Airlines Of Australasia
    Airlines Of C America
    Airlines Of Canada
    Airlines Of China
    Airlines Of Europe
    Airlines Of France
    Airlines Of Mexico
    Airlines Of Middle East
    Airlines Of Russia
    Airlines Of S America
    Airlines Of The UK
    Airlines Of The USA
    Air Wisconsin
    Alaska Airlines
    Aloha Airlines
    American Airlines
    America West Airlines
    Ansett
    Antonov AN-124
    Apollo
    ATR-72
    Aurora Models
    Austrian Airlines
    AVIACSA
    BAC One-Eleven
    Big Bird
    Blue Box
    Boeing 707
    Boeing 717
    Boeing 720
    Boeing 727
    Boeing 737
    Boeing 747
    Boeing 757
    Boeing 767
    Boeing 777
    Boeing 787
    Boeing B-377 Stratocruiser
    Braniff International
    Bristol Britannia
    British Aerospace BAE-146
    British Airways
    British European (BEA)
    Canadair C-4 North Star
    Canadian Pacific
    Capital Airlines
    Cathay Pacific
    Central American Airlines
    Chicago & Southern
    China Eastern
    China Southern
    Compass Airlines
    Concorde
    Continental Airlines
    Convair 240
    Convair 440
    Convair 580
    Convair 880
    Convair 990
    Curtiss C-46 Commando
    Dan Air London
    Delta Air Lines
    DH-106 Comet 4
    Douglas DC-3
    Douglas DC-4
    Douglas DC-6
    Douglas DC-7
    Douglas DC-7C
    Douglas DC-8
    Douglas DC-9
    Dragonair
    Dragon Wings
    Eastern Air Lines
    EasyJet
    Egyptair
    Embraer 190
    Embraer ERJ-145
    Emirates
    Eram Air
    Fairchild F-27
    Fairchild FH-227
    Finlantic
    Fokker 50
    Fokker F100
    Fokker F27
    Fokker F28
    Freighters
    Frontier Airlines
    Gemini Jets
    Hainan Airlines
    Handley Page Herald
    Hawaiian Airlines
    Hawaii Express
    Herpa
    HS-748
    HS Trident
    Ilyushin IL-62
    Ilyushin IL-76
    Ilyushin IL-86
    Ilyushin IL-96
    Interflug
    Japan Air System
    JC Wings
    Jet X
    Jet-X
    Kenya Airways
    Laker Airways
    Lan Chile
    Lockheed Constellation
    Lockheed Hercules
    Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
    Lockheed L-188 Electra
    Loganair
    LOT Polish Airlines
    Lufthansa
    Magic Models
    Malev Hungarian Airlines
    Manx Airlines
    MAOF Airlines
    MD-11
    MD-80
    MD-90
    MDD DC-10
    Mexicana
    Minerve
    NAMC YS-11
    National Airlines
    NG Models
    Nordair
    Northwest Airlines
    Oasis Hong Kong
    Oceania Airlines
    Ozark Air Lines
    Panagra
    Pan Am
    Panda Models
    Phoenix Models
    Piedmont Airlines
    PLUNA
    Polynesian Airlines
    Qantas
    Royal Jordanian
    Royal Nepal Airlines
    SE-210 Caravelle
    Shorts-360
    Sichuan Airlines
    Skyservice
    South African Airways
    Spantax
    TACA
    Trans European Airways
    Trans World Airlines Twa
    Trans-world-airlines-twa
    Tupolev TU-144
    Tupolev TU-154
    United Airlines
    USAir
    Vickers VC10
    Vickers Viscount
    Western Airlines
    Witty Wings

  • Home
    • About
    • Links
  • My Models
    • The Hangar
    • USA - Trunk Airlines >
      • Pan Am
      • American Airlines
      • Braniff International
      • Continental Airlines
      • Delta Air Lines
      • Eastern Air Lines
      • National Airlines
      • Northeast Airlines
      • Northwest Airlines
      • Trans World Airlines (TWA)
      • United Airlines
      • Western Airlines
    • USA - Local Service >
      • Allegheny / USAir
      • My Frontier Airlines Fleet
      • My Hughes Airwest Fleet
      • Piedmont Airlines
      • My Ozark Airlines Fleet
      • My Republic Airlines Fleet
      • My Texas Int Fleet
    • My Collection >
      • US Other Fleets >
        • My Alaska Airlines Fleet
        • My Hawaiian / Aloha Fleet
        • My PSA Fleet
        • My Flying Tigers Fleet
        • My World Airways Fleet
      • UK Fleets >
        • My British Airways Fleet
      • Canadian Fleets
      • China Fleets >
        • My Cathay Pacific Fleet
      • Russian Fleet >
        • Russian Fleet Video
    • Models for Sale
  • AV History
    • Airline History Blog
    • Airline Development >
      • CANADA >
        • Canadian Mainline
        • Canadian Charters & LCCs
        • Canadian Regionals
      • CHINA >
        • Part 1: China's Airlines Industry Blossoms 1984-2002
        • Part 2: The Big Six in the 1990s
        • The Big Three
        • Hainan Airlines Group
        • Other Chinese Airlines
      • IRAN >
        • Iranian Airlines Pt1.1
        • Iranian Airlines Pt1.2
      • MEXICO >
        • 1988-2005: Competition arrives
        • 2005-2014: Low cost in Mexico
        • Mexican Airline Genealogy
        • Mexicana Livery Tails
      • RUSSIA >
        • Aeroflot Group
        • S7 Airlines & AiRUnion
        • Other Russian Airlines
      • SOUTH AFRICA
      • UNITED KINGDOM >
        • BA Genealogy Pt1
        • BA Genealogy Pt2
        • BA Genealogy Pt3
        • BUIA & BUAF Genealogies
        • UK Charter Airlines Pt1
        • UK Charter Airlines Pt2
        • BEA Liveries 1946-1974
        • BOAC Liveries 1939-1974
      • UNITED STATES >
        • Trunk & Local Service Airlines >
          • American / TWA Genealogy
          • Delta / Northwest Genealogy
          • United / Continental Genealogy
          • Braniff / Eastern / US Airways Genealogy
        • Territorial Airlines
        • Intra-State Airlines
        • Supplemental Airlines
        • Deregulation Startups 1
        • Deregulation Startups 2
        • Trunk Airline Livery Changes 1959-1980
    • Liveries >
      • Aeroméxico Liveries
      • American Airlines Liveries
      • British Airways Liveries
      • Continental Airlines Liveries
      • Delta Air Lines Liveries
      • Eastern Air Lines Liveries
      • Landor Liveries
      • National Airlines Liveries
      • Northeast Airlines Liveries
      • Northwest Airlines Liveries
      • Pan Am Liveries
      • Trans World Airlines Liveries
      • United Airlines Liveries
      • Western Airlines Liveries
    • Special Liveries >
      • ANA - Flying Honu A380s
    • Real Airport Histories >
      • Albany International
      • Dallas Love Field
      • Rochester International Pt1
      • Rochester International Pt2
      • San Francisco - 1927-1959
      • San Francisco - 1959-1978
      • San Francisco - 1978-2015
      • San Jose International
      • San Jose International Pt2
    • Aviation Stickers >
      • ATR Stickers
      • A300 Stickers
      • DC-9 Stickers
      • DC-10 Stickers
  • 1:400 SCALE
    • Collecting 1:400 Scale >
      • Who Is The Best?
      • Who Has The Best Mould?
    • The History of 1:400 Scale >
      • 1:400 History Pt1: 1996-2000
      • 1:400 History Pt2: 2001-2008
    • 1:400 Brands >
      • Aeroclassics >
        • Generation One History
        • Gen 1 Photo Galleries >
          • BAC One-Eleven
          • Douglas DC-6
          • Douglas DC-9
          • Fairchild FH-227
          • Lockheed L-1049 Super Connie
          • Lockheed L-188 Electra
          • Vickers VC10
          • Vickers Vanguard
          • Vickers Viscount
      • AURORA Models
      • Aviation400 (2007-2012)
      • Big Bird 400 Your Craftsman
      • Black Box Models
      • Blue Box & Magic Models
      • Dragon Wings
      • El Aviador 400
      • Gemini Jets
      • Jet-X >
        • Jet-X: Part 1 2000-2006
        • Jet-X: Part 2 2006-2012
      • MP4 & Airshop Diecast
      • Seattle Models Co (SMA)
      • Skyjets400
      • Sovereign Models
      • TucanoLine
    • Zinc Rot
    • The Big 400 Scale Survey >
      • Results Pt1: Brands & Mnftrs
      • Results Pt2: Your Collecting
      • Results Pt2.2: What You Want
  • 1:400 Moulds
    • Airbus >
      • Airbus A300
      • Airbus A310
      • Airbus A320 >
        • JC Wings A320 Upgrades
      • Airbus A330-200/300
      • Airbus A330-200F
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL >
        • A320 Inserts for Beluga XL
      • Airbus A350-900/1000
    • Boeing >
      • Boeing B-377 Stratocruiser
      • Boeing 707-120/138/720
      • Boeing 707-320/420
      • Boeing 727-100
      • Boeing 727-200
      • Boeing 737-100/200
      • Boeing 737-300
      • Boeing 737-400
      • Boeing 737-500
      • Boeing 737-600
      • Boeing 737-700/800/900 >
        • P-8 Poseidon Mould Review
      • Boeing 747-100/200
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-8 Interactive
      • Boeing 747LCF Dreamlifter
      • Boeing 757-200 >
        • NG Models 757 Production
      • Boeing 767-200
      • Boeing 767-300
      • Boeing 777-200
      • Boeing 777-300
    • British >
      • Aerospatiale / BAC Concorde
      • BAC One-Eleven 200-400
      • BAE-146 / Avro RJ-85-100
      • De Havilland DH-106 Comet
      • Hawker Siddeley Trident
      • Shorts 360
      • Vickers VC10
      • Vickers Viscount
    • Douglas >
      • Douglas DC-3 / C-47
      • Douglas DC-6
      • Douglas DC-7
      • Douglas DC-7C
      • Douglas DC-8-10-50
      • Douglas DC-8-60s/70s
      • Douglas DC-9-10
      • Douglas DC-9-30
      • Douglas DC-9-41/51
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-11
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-80
      • McDonnell Douglas MD-90
    • Lockheed >
      • Lockheed Constellation
      • Lockheed Super Connie
      • Lockheed L-1649 Starliner
      • Lockheed L-188 Electra
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1 / Tristar 200
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 500
    • Other >
      • Convair CV-240-580
      • Convair CV-880/990
      • Curtiss C-46
      • Fairchild F-27 / Fokker F27
      • Fairchild-Hiller FH-227
      • Fokker F28/F70/F100
      • SE 210 Caravelle
    • Chinese >
      • Comac ARJ21
      • Xi'an Y-20
    • Soviet >
      • Antonov An-225
      • Ilyushin IL-62
      • Ilyushin IL-86/IL-96
      • Tupolev TU-154B-2/M
      • Yakovlev Yak-42
    • Most Needed Moulds >
      • Mainline Jets
      • Classic Props
      • Regional Aircraft
  • 1:400 News
    • Model Blog
    • New Mould Samples >
      • Aviation400 >
        • Airbus A380 Resin Sample
        • Airbus A380 Metal Sample
        • Airbus A380 Final Sample
        • Boeing 787 Update Mar 21
        • Boeing 787 Update July 21
      • JC Wings >
        • Airbus A310
        • Boeing 747-400
      • NG Models >
        • Airbus A319/320 CEO
        • Airbus A319/320 NEO
        • Airbus A321CEO & NEO
        • Airbus A330-200/300
        • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
        • Airbus A350-900
        • Boeing 737-600/700/900
        • Boeing 737-600 Refresh
        • Boeing 737-800
        • Boeing B747SP
        • Boeing 777-200
        • Boeing 777-300/300ER
        • Comac ARJ21 - 1:200
        • Falcon 7X - 1:200
        • Gulfstream G550 - 1:200
        • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
        • Lockeed Tristar 500
        • Tupolev Tu-154
        • Tupolev Tu-204/Tu-214/Tu-234
    • Retailer Exclusive Releases >
      • Panda Models Exclusives
      • JAL DC-8 Twinset
    • FantasyWings GSE >
      • Apron Equipment
      • COBUS 3000 Buses
      • GSE Pax & Cargo Sets
      • 1:200 GSE Cargo/GPU Sets
      • 1:200 COBUS 3000 Buses
    • JAL Collection / Jet Hut >
      • The JAL Collection
      • JAL Collection Reviews
      • Jet Hut Boeing 787-9
  • 1:400 Reviews
    • Detailed Mould Scoring >
      • Airbus A320ceo & neo
      • Airbus A330 Beluga XL
      • Airbus A330-900neo
      • Airbus A350-900
      • Boeing 737-800
      • Boeing 747SP
      • Boeing 747-400
      • Boeing 777-300ER
    • 1:400 Model Reviews
    • Model Airliner.com Reviews
  • 1:600 SCALE
    • Schabak >
      • Schabak History 1982-2006
      • Schabak Airline Numbers
      • Schabak Wheel Variants
      • Schabak Window Variants
      • Schabak Decal Cracking
    • Schabak Moulds >
      • Airbus A300
      • Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
      • McDonnell Douglas DC-10
    • Schabak Non-airline Models
    • Silver Wings
    • Imogenia Airport
  • Dioramas
    • Wright Field Airport
    • Xin Long International
    • As Real As It Gets 1:200
    • As Real As It Gets 1:400 >
      • Real As It Gets - Africa
      • Real As It Gets - Asia
      • Real As It Gets - China
      • Real As It Gets - Europe
      • Real As It Gets - Middle East
      • Real As It Gets - N America
      • Real As It Gets - Oceania
      • Real As It Gets - Russia
      • Real As It Gets - S America