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Picture

Cuban Commandos: Aerovias Q and Cuba Aeropostal

19/11/2018

13 Comments

 
Picture
​Despite almost constant political turmoil and rampant corruption Cuba was, by the mid-1950s, doing well by many measures. Accordingly, civil aviation was also flourishing and there were no less than four commercial airlines operating in the postwar period funnelling passengers and freight between the US, Mexico and Cuba. Two of these were Aerovias Q and Cuba Aeropostal but neither would long survive the Cuban revolution. 
Picture
Cuba Aeropostal and Aerovias Q Curtiss C-46s. Aeroclassics 1:400 Scale

Some background
​Cuba’s has for much of its history been a plaything between great powers vying for influence – initially Spain and the USA and later the Soviets and the USA. During the period from independence in 1902 until the Castro led revolution in 1959 it was the US alone that influenced Cuba, however this did little for the stability of the country. Indeed, the US is directly responsible for some truly appalling actions and decisions.
Picture
Fulgencio Batista in 1938
​The US retained the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and did so regularly, whilst during the 1920s Cuba became a popular tourist destination for Americans. Nonetheless stability was hard to come by and the Sergeant’s Revolt in 1933 brought Sergeant Fulgencio Batista into power. Initially Batista’s government (which even included the Communists) was progressive and he even gave up his position as President in 1944 as the constitution said he must. Even so he did his best to undermine the incoming government and loot the treasury.
​Batista left to live in Florida and there were two terms of the Autentico Party. Although these seem to have done little to bolster the fundamental structure of the state they did bring in an influx of investment and create an economic boom. Batista returned to Cuba in 1952 and ran for President, however facing a third placed finish he instead, with US backing, staged a military coup and seized power on March 10th.  It is impossible to look at Cuban aviation at the time without this prism of political events.
Picture
An Aerovias Q C-47 in 1948 at Key West
​Cuba had unsurprisingly aligned itself with the USA during World War Two and postwar had good access to ex-USAAF equipment. This enabled the creation of new private airlines to take advantage of the booming economy.

Aerovias Q
Picture
​Aerovias Q was formed on September 28, 1945 by Manuel Quevedo Jaureguízar who became the President and general manager. Basically, the name translates as Airways Q, no doubt taking the initial of the founder. The logo was a rather classy winged Q in keeping with many Pan Am inspired Latin American logos of the period. Operations unsurprisingly began with war surplus Douglas C-47s serving Cuban destinations such as Nueva Gerona and Varadero. 
Picture
This looks like the back-end of a Bud Conestoga being loaded
​By 1948 Curtiss C-46s had joined the fleet and it seems Aerovias Q may have also operated one or two of the 20 built Budd RB-1 Conestogas for a time. By 1950 the airline was grandiosely advertising itself as the ‘Route of the Caribbean’ and was operating scheduled services connecting Havana to Veracruz in Mexico (from January 1949) and Key West in the USA (from July 1947). Proposed services would see connections to Miami and Tampa. 
Picture
The 1950 US edition timetable. Image from Timetableimages.com
It doesn’t seem the Miami and Tampa routes came off but Aerovias Q did get to fly to Palm Beach from 1952 (although Mexico was dropped in 1951). Later Fort Lauderdale would also be added.
Picture
The 1956 network
​It seems likely that Aerovias Q was involved in the smuggling of contraband early in its history and operating from Havana’s joint civil/military Columbia airport apparently was able to source fuel, spare parts and other supplies from military sources. This was certainly the case after May 14, 1957 when Manuel Quevedo Jaureguízar sold, or was forced to sell, 75% of his shares to Julio lglesiasde la Torre - who in turn transferred them over to President Fulgencio Batista. 

Cuba Aeropostal
Picture
A Cuba Aeropostal C-46 CU-C343. Photo from Zoggavia
​Cuba Aeropostal was setup on August 16, 1948 but didn’t start operations until May 3, 1949. Unlike Aerovias Q it focused on the cargo market and had an initial fleet of 2 Douglas C-47s and 4 Curtiss C-46 Commandos. Also operating from Havana’s Columbia airport it operated scheduled services to Miami and the Isle of Pines. 
Picture

Batista in the 50s
​Following Batista’s power grab he had received unswerving loyalty from the USA, because he was anti-Communist, despite being against all alleged US values. I quote John F Kennedy from 1960:
"Fulgencio Batista murdered 20,000 Cubans in seven years ... and he turned Democratic Cuba into a complete police state —destroying every individual liberty. Yet our aid to his regime, and the ineptness of our policies, enabled Batista to invoke the name of the United States in support of his reign of terror. Administration spokesmen publicly praised Batista—hailed him as a staunch ally and a good friend—at a time when Batista was murdering thousands, destroying the last vestiges of freedom, and stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the Cuban people, and we failed to press for free elections"
Picture
Batista in March 1957, standing next to a map of the Sierra Maestra mountains where Fidel Castro's rebels were holed-up.
​At the same time the USA systematically stole and enriched itself at the expense of the Cuban people. Quoting JFK again:
"At the beginning of 1959 United States companies owned about 40 percent of the Cuban sugar lands—almost all the cattle ranches—90 percent of the mines and mineral concessions—80 percent of the utilities—practically all the oil industry—and supplied two-thirds of Cuba's imports."

Aerovias Q as a Batista Puppet
Picture
One of Aerovias Q's C-46s CU-T583
​In these circumstances the avoidance of involvement in the systematic corruption for something as high profile an airline was no doubt impossible (even if it had been desired). 
​At least in terms of equipment the change of ownership appears to have benefitted Aerovias Q which acquired several more C-46s and a trio of Douglas C-54s. One of the C-46s was a 1945 build aircraft which after just two years’ service as 43-47197 with the USAF was provided to the Foreign Liquidation Commission. She became N15645V with The Babb Co and then quickly RX-112 owned by Harold A Speer. The aircraft operated in Peru for four years with ANDES Aerovias Nacionales del Sur (OB-OAE-234) before passing into the hands of the US supplemental AAXICO as N3959C via some intermediaries. She joined Aerovias Q in 1957 as CU-T554 (later CU-C554 and then in 1959 CU-T583). 
Picture
The inside of a 1958 timetable

Revolution
​Given the disgraceful state and actions of the Batista regime it is hardly surprising that revolution was in the air. Indeed, it appears Batista welcomed revolutionary forces as combating them was another way that he could create graft and enrich himself. Unfortunately for him he had bitten off more than he could chew and Fidel Castro’s forces entered Havana on January 8, 1959, on the wave of a popular insurrection. Sadly, Batista would escape to Portugal and never have to face up to his crimes.
Picture
​For Aerovias Q now effectively ownerless but presumably state owned the effects of the revolution were obviously major. Castro’s new regime obviously intent on introducing a communist regime was unlikely to support private or independent airlines and Aerovias Q ceased operations on February 15, 1960. This was the day that all Cuban airlines (including Cuba Aeropostal and Expreso Aéreo Interamericano) were nationalized and merged together in the Consolidated Cuban Aviation Company and became known as the Day of the Civil Aviation Worker.
Picture
​From that day forward the only airline in Cuba was Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviación S.A. Most of the expropriated owners of the airlines went into exile and sought external litigation against Cubana and the new government. Nonetheless they were not coming back and compared to Cubana’s other troubles, like the US strategy of enticing hijackings, small fry. The Cuban revolution brought to an end an eventful and chaotic period in Cuba’s history, which despite the rampant criminal activity did see Cuba’s airlines reach out into the Caribbean.
References

AeroBernie: Aerovias Q
Wikipedia: Fulgencio Batista
Wikipedia: Cuban History
Urribarres, R. Cuban Civil Aviation Postwar 1946-1958
​Cubalogos.blogspot: Airways Q
​Second Harvest Blogspot: Airways Q
13 Comments
Ed Brouwer link
25/11/2019 05:35:17 am

My father imported dairy cows to Cuba from Wisconsin. They flew Aeropostal into Columbia. Later changed to Ferry ship out of Florida.
We came to the US as tourist in'54 but don't remember which airline, I was only 6 years old. Came as a refugee on March 24 1962 PanAm flight 442 to Miami. I have a document rom Aero Postal listing my dad as a passenger on a flight to pick up cows that were shipped by rail to Florida it mentions fumigation of the aircraft and an interesting load of Cuban cargoof platains and such.. I know that the pilots would bring cigars to the US and my dad always came back with a large supply of Lucky Strike cigarettes. I don't know if the aircraft was a dc-3 or a commando. Thanks for your articles.

Reply
Cristina Alfonso Ichaso King
6/12/2019 11:03:13 pm

That was my father’s airline, Cuba Aeropostal SA

His name was Captain Gustavo Alfonso.
I think I was at your house in Cuba with my parents for Christmas in the 50s. There was a Dalmatian dog that used to howl to a song. His father was killed by an arrow or something tragic like that. I’m pretty sure my father said it was the Brouwer house. Please reply. Thanks.

Reply
Michael Fernandez
19/6/2020 12:01:47 pm

Email me I’ll send you a picture of my family in Cuba with Dalmatian dogs. My grandfather was a pilot in Cuba

Juan Llaneras
11/8/2020 05:56:35 am

Hello Cristina. My grandfather, Capitan Manuel "Manolo" Llaneras, and your father may have known each other. My grandfather flew for Aerovias Q, the passenger fleet of the parent company. And it is very possible that in the colored photo above , the shorter pilot with his arms crossed behind him may be my grandfather. My father "Manolito" flew along side of him ( by then Aerovias Q and Cuba Aeropostal had been nationalized and rebranded Empresa Consolidada Cubana de Aviación) from late 1959 up until my grandfather's death in 1963, not long after, my dad would be arrested for crimes against the state and sent to prison for close to 7 years.










George Farinas
7/2/2021 01:21:59 pm

Hi Cristina,

I do not know if you remember me. I was a good friend of your father and gave him many of the pictures of CUBA AEROPOSTAL photos after he granted me all the interviews about his airline, and offered me his friendship. As you know, your father was an ex military man, very had scruples and morals I always admired. He trusted few people and I always felt "honored and gifted" he offered me his friendship and many times he had me over his house in Coral Way for "home cooked" meals. I miss him and always think of the great man he was and the tremendous pioneer he was to Cuban military and civilian aviation...

ed brouwer link
7/12/2019 12:54:00 am

Cristina, nice to hear from you. We didn't have a Dalmatian just mutts. perhaps my uncle julio did. four of the brothers and two cousins were veterinarians.
Did your family have a connection to Bohemia magazine?

Thanks, ed.

Reply
Cristina Alfonso-Ichaso King
8/12/2019 02:04:02 pm

Hi Ed,
No, no connection whatsoever to Bohemia. I think that was Quevedo’s magazine.
My uncle Francisco Ichaso was sub-Director of Diario de La Marina, Havana’s daily newspaper.
Merry Christmas!

Reply
ed brouwer link
15/12/2019 08:37:35 am

Thanks Cristina, I lived near Pepin Rivero's mansion in La Vibora.

Feliz Navidad

ed brouwer link
15/12/2019 08:45:13 am

Thank you for creating and maintaining this page, Tried to make a small donation and was not able to do so. Please instruct.

thanks, Ed.

Reply
Richard Stretton
15/12/2019 09:11:46 am

My pleasure Ed. Donations should be easy enough if you have Paypal. Use the button on the homepage. Thanks and I am glad you were able to reconnect with Cristina.

Reply
Barry Lloyd
10/5/2022 09:26:30 pm

Hi Richard, I'm currently writing an article about the C-46 CU-C202, which for a while was adapted as a bar in downtown Havana. I wonder whether it would be possible to use the image in your article on Cuban airlines, in order to help illustrate the article.
Best wishes

Reply
Richard Stretton
11/5/2022 06:37:43 am

Sure go ahead. To be honest I'm not sure where I found it!

Reply
Barry Lloyd
18/5/2022 10:23:01 pm

Many thanks Richard - much appreciated.




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    I'm Richard Stretton: a fan of classic airliners and airlines who enjoys exploring their history through my collection of die-cast airliners. If you enjoy the site please donate whatever you can to help keep it running:


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